Number Of Pores Research Articles

Ultrasonic regeneration of activated carbon in water plants and correlation of adsorption performance

In this study, ultrasonic-backwashing regeneration at different frequencies as well as adsorption experiments were carried out on eight-year-old activated carbon from the filter tank of a water purification plant. The number of pores with transitional sizes between those of micropores (< 2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm) was higher after regeneration, and an enlargement of micropores into mesopores was observed. The average particle size of the regenerated carbon decreased by 2.35 %–4.00 %, and there was no significant fragmentation. In XPS characterization, the peak intensities of C, O, and N functional groups were decreased after regeneration, so ultrasonic regeneration disrupted the covalent bonds formed between carbon atoms and other elements. The microbial community diversity of the regenerated carbon was analyzed and compared with that of the original carbon, showing them to be largely the same. Organic-matter-related water-quality indexes and activated carbon adsorption performance indexes upon regeneration were studied and found to be well correlated. After multiple ultrasonic regeneration, the strength is still not <90 %.

Effect of Agavins and Agave Syrup Use in the Formulation of a Synbiotic Gelatin Gummy with Microcapsules of Saccharomyces Boulardii

Agavins are reserve carbohydrates found in agave plants; they present texture-modifying properties and prebiotic capacity by increasing the viability of the intestinal microbiota. Through its hydrolysis, agave syrup (AS) can be obtained and can be used as a sweetener in food matrices. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the variation in the content of agavins and AS on the physical, structural, and viability properties of Saccharomyces boulardii encapsulates incorporated into gelatin gummies. An RSM was used to obtain an optimized formulation of gelatin gummies. The properties of the gel in the gummy were characterized by a texture profile analysis and Aw. The humidity and sugar content were determined. A sucrose gummy was used as a control for the variable ranges. Alginate microcapsules containing S. boulardii were added to the optimized gummy formulation to obtain a synbiotic gummy. The viability of S. boulardii and changes in the structure of the alginate gel of the microcapsules in the synbiotic gummy were evaluated for 24 days by image digital analysis (IDA). The agavins and agave syrup significantly affected the texture properties (&lt;1 N) and the Aw (&gt;0.85). The IDA showed a change in the gel network and an increase in viability by confocal microscopy from day 18. The number of pores in the gel increased, but their size decreased with an increase in the number of S. boulardii cells. Agavins and cells alter the structure of capsules in gummies without affecting their viability.

Digital Image Analysis to Evaluate Sensory Attributes of Protein-Enriched Whole-Wheat Bread

New food products or reformulated food products require intensive sensory assessment using a group of panelists before launching in the market. Sometimes, the sensory results obtained by the panelists are inconclusive due to their subjective scores. An indirect and accurate method to evaluate the sensory attributes using images is highly beneficial to conduct preliminary screening during product development stages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potential of red-green-blue (RGB) color images to evaluate the sensory qualities of whole wheat bread reformulated with pea and soy protein isolates as model food. In this study, reformulated whole wheat (WW) bread was used as model food to determine the potential of digital color images in assessing the selected sensory attributes. Seven types of WW bread was evaluated by ten untrained panelists. Four features (edge detection, pore numbers, pore area and Hu-moment similarity) were extracted from the images of the bread slices and compared with measured sensory scores. In general, the polynomial regression models yielded higher R2 values than linear regression models. The R2 values in polynomial regression models ranged 0.82-0.97, 0.60-0.92, 0.55-0.96, 0.77-0.99, 0.67-0.97, and 0.50-0.87 for chewiness, graininess, moistness, taste, desired aroma and overall acceptability, respectively. Hu-moment similarity provided the highest R2 values for the sensory attributes in polynomial regression models. In conclusion, although image-based sensory assessment may not substitute the current human sensory, it can provide valuable information to supplement the decision making process.

Thermal Conductivity and Sintering Mechanism of Aluminum/Diamond Composites Prepared by DC-Assisted Fast Hot-Pressing Sintering

A novel DC-assisted fast hot-pressing (FHP) powder sintering technique was utilized to prepare Al/Diamond composites. Three series of orthogonal experiments were designed and conducted to explore the effects of sintering temperature, sintering pressure, and holding time on the thermal conductivity (TC) and sintering mechanism of an Al-50Diamond composite. Improper sintering temperatures dramatically degraded the TC, as relatively low temperatures (≤520 °C) led to the retention of a large number of pores, while higher temperatures (≥600 °C) caused unavoidable debonding cracks. Excessive pressure (≥100 MPa) induced lattice distortion and the accumulation of dislocations, whereas a prolonged holding time (≥20 min) would most likely cause the Al phase to aggregate into clusters due to surface tension. The optimal process parameters for the preparation of Al-50diamond composites by the FHP method were 560 °C-80 MPa-10 min, corresponding to a density and TC of 3.09 g cm−3 and 527.8 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Structural defects such as pores, dislocations, debonding cracks, and agglomerations within the composite strongly enhance the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR), thereby deteriorating TC performance. Considering the ITR of the binary solid-phase composite, the Hasselman–Johnson model can more accurately predict the TC of Al-50diamond composites for FHP technology under an optimal process with a 3.4% error rate (509.6 W m−1 K−1 to 527.8 W m−1 K−1). The theoretical thermal conductivity of the binary composites estimated by data modeling (Hasselman–Johnson Model, etc.) matches well with the actual thermal conductivity of the sintered samples using the FHP method.

Characterisation of the creep cavitation process on grain boundaries in a polycrystalline nickel-base alloy 247

ABSTRACT Hot gas components such as gas turbine blades are loaded with constant centrifugal stress at high temperatures and thus the formation of creep cavitation on grain boundaries is expedited. Conventionally cast polycrystalline Nickel-base superalloys used as blade materials are prone to creep cavitation as unfavourably orientated grain boundaries exist. This research presents a diffusion-based probabilistic creep model which describes the creep cavitation process on grain boundaries. It includes the three mechanisms: pore nucleation, growth, and coalescence. The calibration of the model has been carried out by analysing Alloy 247 as-received specimens and specimens with pre-strain. For the evaluation of the pore numbers and sizes, a deep learning model for pore detection was trained on light microscopic and scanning electron microscopy images. Electron backscatter diffraction images are analysed for further investigations regarding grain orientations and grain boundary angles to the loading direction. The calibrated model allows predictions of pore size distributions over time.

Trade-off between Endocrine-Disrupting Compound Removal and Water Permeance of the Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane: Phenomenon and Molecular Insights.

The polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membrane has the potential to remove endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from water and wastewater to prevent risks to both the aquatic ecosystem and human health. However, our understanding of the EDC removal-water permeance trade-off by the PA NF membrane is still limited, although the salt selectivity-water permeance trade-off has been well illustrated. This constrains the precise design of a high-performance membrane for removing EDCs. In this study, we manipulated the PA nanostructures of NF membranes by altering piperazine (PIP) monomer concentrations during the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. The upper bound coefficient for EDC selectivity-water permeance was demonstrated to be more than two magnitudes lower than that for salt selectivity-water permeance. Such variations were derived from the different membrane-solute interactions, in which the water/EDC selectivity was determined by the combined effects of steric exclusion and the hydrophobic interaction, while the electrostatic interaction and steric exclusion played crucial roles in water/salt selectivity. We further highlighted the role of the pore number and residual groups during the transport of EDC molecules across the PA membrane via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Fewer pores decreased the transport channels, and the existence of residual groups might cause steric hindrance and dynamic disturbance to EDC transport inside the membrane. This study elucidated the trade-off phenomenon and mechanisms between EDC selectivity and water permeance, providing a theoretical reference for the precise design of PA NF membranes for effective removal of EDCs in water reuse.

The U-net-based ice pore parameter extraction method for establishing the SAW icing sensing mechanism

The porous ice layer formed upon the SAW (surface acoustic wave) propagation path will produce transient acoustic attenuation, and a new icing sensing method can be constructed based on this feature. Obtaining the pore characteristics of an ice layer is a prerequisite and basis for deriving the sensing mechanism of SAW icing. Employing the U-net network, a segmentation model of frozen pores is developed by collecting frozen images and calibrating sample data sets for training in this work. The MIOU and the MPA of the model reach 92.16 % and 95.15 % respectively. Then, the watershed algorithm and post-processing were used to accurately obtain the pore characteristic parameters (porosity, pore number, and average pore area) of the ice layer. On this basis, applying the Biot's theory for two-phase porous media, a theoretical model of the SAW icing sensing mechanism was established, and the acoustic sensing response under different icing types was theoretically simulated. To prove the accuracy of the theoretical simulation, a SAW sensor using a waveguide structure of SU-8/ST-90 °X quartz operating at 80 MHz was constructed and evaluated experimentally. The results demonstrate that the acoustic sensing responses of different ice types are completely consistent with the theoretical results. This fully verifies the accuracy of the ice pore parameters extracted in this work and also confirms the feasibility of using pore microscopic information to achieve ice detection and ice type discrimination.

Two new nocturnal species of South Asian Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the wynadensis clade from the southern Western Ghats, India

We describe two new medium-bodied, nocturnal species of South Asian Cnemaspis from the southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India in an integrative taxonomic framework. The two new species are phylogenetically and morphologically allied to the wynadensis clade and can be distinguished from other species of the wynadensis clade and each other by a combination of nonoverlapping morphological characters including body size, homogeneous dorsal pholidosis, the number of femoral pores and poreless scales separating these series, the number of ventral scales across the midbody and longitudinal scales from mental to cloaca, the number of dorsal granules around the body; and an uncorrected pairwise ND2 sequence divergence of 8.2–22.9 % (16S 4.2–12.2 %) from all other members in the clade. These are the first members of the wynadensis clade known from south of the Palghat Gap apart from C. bireticulata, a putative junior synonym of C. sisparensis that is likely to be distinct owing to morphological differences and geographic distance. Cnemaspis sanctus sp. nov. is from low coastal hills in Kanyakumari District at the southern tip of the Western Ghats and Cnemaspis persephone sp. nov. is from the Anaimalais, Anaimalai Tiger Reserve. Many more undescribed species of the wynadensis clade and South Asian Cnemaspis are likely to be found across the southern Western Ghats.

High Consistency Silicone Rubber Foams

Silicone elastomers are high-performance plastics. In the extrusion process, only high-consistency silicone rubbers were used. In order to reduce the cost and weight, silicone rubbers can be foamed during processing. In this study, high-consistency silicone rubber is processed with different physical and chemical blowing agents. The resulting reaction kinetics, as well as the mechanical and morphological properties, had been investigated and compared with each other. This showed that the chemical blowing agent significantly influenced the crosslinking reaction compared to the microspheres and the water/silica mixture tested, but it also achieved the lowest density compared to the physical blowing agents. When evaluating the foam morphology, it became clear that the largest number of pores was achieved with the microspheres and the largest pores when using the water/silica mixture. Furthermore, it has been shown that the different mechanisms of action of the blowing agents have a major influence on the mechanical properties, such as the micro shore hardness and the foam morphology.

Microstructural evolution and mechanisms affecting the mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy reinforced with high-entropy alloy particles

The mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys produced via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) are often weakened by the presence of continuous and coarse precipitated phases, which significantly limits their practical applications. In this study, high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles were incorporated into Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during the WAAM process, which inhibits the continuity of precipitated phase, and the mechanism of microstructure evolution and macroscopic mechanical properties optimization of the components are explored. The results show that HEA particles promote grain refinement, and disrupt the formation of continuous precipitated phase along the grain boundary by generating plenty of fine spot-like precipitated phases, thus inhibiting grain boundary segregation. The spot-like precipitated phases are connected via a slender second-phase-band. The primary precipitates include the metastable η', stable η, and T phases, and the diffusion of solute atoms forms the Al3Ni and Al3(Ni, Cu)2 phases. The tensile strength increases from 247.4±5.9 MPa to 326.2±19.7 MPa in the horizontal direction and from 273.0±13.7 MPa to 335.4±11.1 MPa in the vertical direction, which correspond to increases of 31.9 % and 22.9 % respectively. The enhancement of mechanical properties is mainly attributed to Hall-Petch, Orowan, load-transfer, solid-solution and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. Only slight variation occurred in the elongation, the increased number of fine spot-like precipitated phases and grain boundaries hinder the crack propagation, while the increased number of pores facilitates the crack propagation, and these effects almost balance each other out in competition. These findings are expected to provide new insights into the microstructure optimization of WAAM components, thereby meeting more practical applications.

Effects of boiling and fiber length on the resistivity of coconut-fiber-reinforced mortar

This study measured the resistivity, tensile strength, water absorption, and compressive strength of CF-reinforced mortars (CFRMs) prepared from boiled or raw CFs of various lengths (1.5, 2.5, or 4 cm) at 2.9 wt% in accordance with ACI 544. Scanning electron microscopy investigations of the microstructure revealed that boiling CFs increased their number of open pores (lumen), leading to higher water absorption and lower tensile strength. Resistivity tests revealed that the raw-fiber CFRMs had higher resistivity than the boiled-fiber CFRMs and increased resistivity with decreased fiber length. Finally, strong linear relationships of resistivity with compressive strength and water absorption were identified.

Towards higher-quality low salt surimi gels: Significance of the combinatorial effects of chickpea protein with transglutaminase on their micro-structures

The textural properties of low-salt hybrid gel made from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and chickpea protein (CPP) with or without external transglutaminase (TGase) were investigated. A decrease in gel strength (P﹤0.01), hardness (P﹤0.01), storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of the hybrid gel containing CPP appeared regardless of the addition of TGase. Furthermore, the addition of CPP combining with TGase significantly induced a significantly higher resilience (from 43.5% to 50.3%), cohesiveness (from 0.72 to 0.79), proportion of immobilized water (from 95.7% to 97.4%), number of pores (from 3181 to 4868) and apparent porosity (from 30.55% to 40.26%) than those of the group containing TGase alone, which indicated the combining effect of CPP and TGase on the textural properties. The SDS-PAGE profiles showed that the covalent complex between CPP and myofibrillar proteins was not observed. During the gelation of myofibrillar protein filaments, CPP wrapped the fibres shown by the microstructure morphology and increased the friction between fibres, leading to an increase in relaxation time. TGase promoted this effect and induced the formation of a denser microstructure. The present study provided a feasible approach for the preparation of high-quality low salt surimi products with more favorable texture and acceptability.

Mechanical and microstructural properties of one-part geopolymer-solidified soil attacked by Na2SO4

In the construction of traffic engineering, a large amount of waste soils was generated. These soils have poor engineering properties, cannot be used as subgrade fill, so they were solidified treatment, commonly used cement curing agent have adverse effects on the environment. One-part geopolymer (OPG), as a green and new type of soil stabilizer, not only provides a new idea for the solidification of engineering waste, but also offers an effective way for the disposal of industrial solid waste, and reduces the consumption of cement. In order to evaluate the durability of geopolymer solidified soil, in this paper, with fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as raw materials, solid NaOH and Na2SiO3 as solid alkali-activator to prepare OPG, which was used as a solidifier to solidify the waste dredged silt to produce one-part geopolymer-solidified soil (OPGSS). The variation patterns of mass, unconfined compression strength (UCS) and elasticity modulus of OPGSS with attack time under 0%, 5% and 10% Na2SO4 solutions were investigated. The changes in the phase composition, micro-morphology and pore size distribution of OPGSS were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that: Under both 5% and 10% Na2SO4 solutions, the UCS of OPGSS decreased in two stages with attack time, and the number of large pores and total pores of OPGSS increased in two stages. The inflection points appeared on day 8 under 5% Na2SO4 solution; the inflection points appeared on day 5 under 10% Na2SO4 solution. This was mainly due to the expansion of corrosion products formed by OPGSS under Na2SO4 attack, which destroyed the microstructure of OPGSS and led to a reduction in the UCS of the OPGSS.

2% supramolecular salicylic acid hydrogel vs. adapaline gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris treatment: A multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blind, parallel-controlled trial.

Salicylic acid (SA) has been used for treatment of acne of different severity levels. However, there are few researches about the safety and efficacy for treatment of mild to moderate acne, and the improvement of the skin condition by using 2% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) compared to Davuwen Adapaline gel. A multicenter, randomized, assessor-blind and parallel-controlled study was conducted. A total of 500 patients (trial group: 249, control group: 251) with mild to moderate (grade I-II) facial acne vulgaris were recruited in this study over a 16-week trial period. Patients in the trial group were treated with Broda 2% SSA hydrogel, while control group treated with Davuwen Adapaline gel once a day. The number of inflammatory papules, comedones, and pustules were counted and the rate of lesion reduction was calculated pre- and post-treatment. Then, the skin physiological indicators, including L*a*b*, TEWL, skin sebum and hydration were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4. Significance was set at p = 0.05. At the end of 12 weeks' therapy, the regression and markedly improvement rate of the trail group and the control group were 51.01% and 43.10% respectively, and there was no significant difference in the improvement rate between two groups (p = 0.0831). Although, there was no difference in adverse events rate between two groups, the adverse events rate of the trail group was 0.40%, a little lower than the control group (0.80%). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the numbers of pores at T1 between two groups. Both 2% SSA and Adapaline gel were equally effective in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. 2% SSA is worth the clinical promotion and application in mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Enhancing Concrete Mechanical Properties through Basalt Fibers and Calcium Sulfate Whiskers: Optimizing Compressive Strength, Elasticity, and Pore Structure.

To study the effects of basalt fibers (BFs), calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs), and modified calcium sulfate whiskers (MCSWs) on the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete, this paper utilizes Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) to measure the microstructure of concrete and calculate the fractal dimension of pore surface area. The results indicate that both CSWs and BFs can increase the compressive strength of concrete. CSWs can enhance the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete, while the effect of BFs on the dynamic modulus of elasticity is not significant. The improvement in compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity provided by MCSWs is significantly greater than that provided by CSWs. Both CSWs and BFs can effectively improve the pore structure of concrete and have a significant impact on the surface fractal dimension. CSWs inhibit the formation of ink-bottle pores, while BFs increase the number of ink-bottle pores. Due to the ink-bottle pore effect, the fractal dimension of the capillary pore surface is generally greater than three, lacking fractal characteristics. The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete have a good correlation with the fractal dimensions of large pores and transition pores.

Investigation on the Gas Emission Law of Water-Containing Coal across the Rank Range.

Water commonly occurs in coal reservoirs, and it can block the gas flow channels. This has a significant influence on methane transportation within coal. To reveal the gas emission law of water-containing coal across the rank range, three typical coal samples with different coal ranks covering lignite to anthracite were selected in this work. The initial velocity of gas emission (ΔP) under the effect of moisture was measured, and the combination of scanning electron microscopy and mercury injection method was adopted to study the pores and fracture characteristics within coal. Distribution features of oxygen-containing groups in coal were explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microscopic influence mechanism of the water content on ΔP in coal was also comprehensively elucidated. The experimental results show that the moisture content has an obvious inhibitory effect on the ΔP of coal, but the degree of influence on different coal rank samples was different. As the pore space of anthracite (sample XJ) is developed with numerous gas transportation channels, the ΔP has less changes at the lower moisture content (<4.36%). When the moisture content is >4.36%, a large number of water molecules will band together to form water clusters, hindering the gas release, thus greatly reducing the ΔP. However, the change of lignite (sample SL) shows an inverse trend to that of anthracite. Its ΔP is sensitive to the moisture content due to the small number of pores and low porosity. In addition, a great number of oxygen-containing groups in lignite can also provide good surface hydrophilicity for water molecules, and even a small amount of the moisture content (<3.21%) can block most of the pore and facture channels within coal, leading to the remarkable decrease in ΔP. For bituminous coal (sample ML), the distribution of pores and oxygen-containing groups is the most uniform, and the ΔP decreases linearly with the increase in the moisture content.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of an Energy-Efficient Cement Composite Incorporating Silica Aerogel

The thermal performance of the building envelope is significant in energy-efficient construction. Because concrete is widely used in civil engineering, options to reduce its R-value should be considered. This study explores the thermal and structural properties of aerogel-enhanced concrete. Silica aerogel powder was mixed with fine-grained concrete at 15 vol.%. Two series of samples were prepared to identify the preferred technology. The first series of samples were mixed without isopropyl alcohol; for the second series, the alcohol was mixed with silica aerogel before mixing into the dry mix. The thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and bending resistance of the specimens were measured. The presence of silica aerogel admix resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of the specimens by 30% compared with that of the reference samples and a reduction in the bending strength of the samples by 9% compared with that of the reference samples. For the first and second series of samples, the K-values of the aerogel-enhanced specimens varied in the range from 0.83 W/(m·K) to 1.13 W/(m·K), respectively. To further decrease the thermal conductivity, gypsum putty was then added to the specimens, resulting in the K-values further decreasing to 0.64 W/(m·K) and 0.84 W/(m·K), respectively. The calculation of heat losses through 1 m2 of the aerogel-enhanced concrete wall was performed. It has been shown that energy expenses for heating can be lowered by 30%. The calculation of the greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fuel required for heating was also considered. The emissions decreased by 30.2% compared with the reference sample. Microscopic examination of the face and section surfaces of the sample revealed a significant number of pores compared with conventional fine-grain concrete.

Grain size impact of ZnO nanoparticles on the structural, and electrical properties in the low-density polyethylene

In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was employed as a basic polymer. The ZnO particles of the polymer had a 20 nm diameter. The influence of the density of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on their structural and electrical properties was measured to examine the average grain size, resistivity, and energy band gap. The ZnO/LDPE nanopolymer was prepared by spin coating, and the microstructure of its material was investigated using analytical scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM). The microscopic experimental results showed that the ZnO particles were dispersed in the form of white dots in the LDPE polymer. Additionally, a sizeable number of pores was detected, which were influenced by the size and form of the grains. High (ohmic) relationships were shown by the voltage (V) against current (I) curves, the resistivity value (7.4 Ω).

Equivalent circuit for assessing pore size distribution in porous electrodes by EIS

The size, geometry and arrangement of pores can significantly affect both the activity of electrocatalysts and the performance of supercapacitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful, non-invasive diagnostic tool for characterizing porous conductive media. To date, the impedance of porous electrodes characterized by the distribution of pore sizes has been described only on the basis of numerical models. Here, for the first time, the impedance of such systems is provided in the form of analytical solutions valid in high and low frequency range. The model enables traditional equivalent circuit fitting to impedance of electrodes characterized by log–normal distribution of pore sizes. The analytical expressions for the circuit elements give access to the electrode idealized geometry in terms of log-normal distribution. The model was applied for the analysis of the electrochemical impedance of activated carbon electrode in a sulphuric acid solution. The width of pore size distribution, mean pore radius, pore length and the number of pores can be determined from a single impedance spectrum.

The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of yttrium hydride monoliths via spark plasma sintering

In recent years, yttrium hydride has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable thermal stability and potential for high hydrogen density. It is regarded as one of the most promising metal hydrides for use as a neutron moderator in microreactors. In this study, yttrium hydride monoliths were synthesized using yttrium hydride powder obtained through direct hydrogenation, facilitated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200 ℃. The effects of SPS temperatures on the phase composition, microstructure, density, and mechanical properties of yttrium hydride monoliths were studied. The results show that the sintering temperature markedly impacts the hardness, pore evolution, grain size and precipitation of α-Y and Y2O3 phase. Notably, the hardness of the samples escalates significantly with an increase in sintering temperature below 1000 ℃, influenced by a reduction in both the number and size of pores. The occurrence of twin crystals, distribution of grain size and the phase-transformed particles of α-Y within the sintered sample may contribute to an increase in hardness. The procedures described herein affect developing important microstructure-property relationships, as well as correlations in the sintering parameters and mechanical properties.